HUD Poker : utiliser les statistiques David The Maven Chicotsky PokerNews

| Publié le |

Si l’un de vos adversaires affiche ces stats, vous êtes face à un joueur tight-aggressive (TAG). Ce style, longtemps considéré comme LE style gagnant au no limit Hold’em a perdu quelque peu de son aura avec l’arrivée des joueurs loose-aggressive (LAG). Il reste néanmoins un style de jeu très profitable et jouer contre un tel adversaire ne sera pas chose facile. Un joueur avec de telles statistiques a vraisemblablement compris pas mal de choses au poker et sa sélection de mains préflop est plus difficile à lire, même avec l’aide de logiciels. Il s’agit du pourcentage total moyen de fois où votre adversaire met de l’argent dans le pot.

  • Si votre adversaire a à la fois des statistiques élevées de c-bet au flop et de c-bet au tournant, alors il fait souvent des barrels avec air.
  • La probabilité est très grande que votre adversaire call trop souvent les 3bet.
  • En pratique, il y a une vingtaine de stastiques qui peuvent être utiles pour définir les ranges de notre adversaire.
  • Cependant, il existe d’autres solutions tout à fait convenables.
  • Tout ce qui est inférieur est très passif et tout ce qui est supérieur est très agressif.

Cela est à mettre en relation avec le pourcentage total de mains ouvertes. Un joueur serré qui ouvre 13% des mains a toujours une range serrée quelle que soit sa position. Le plus fréquent est de trouver des joueurs qui ouvrent environ 20% des mains dans toutes les positions. Mettons en pratique ce que nous avons vu lors de ces deux dernières sections. Prenons le cas où le pourcentage de 3bet est de 7 % et le pourcentage de CB de 70 %.

Statistiques poker : Evaluer les ranges préflop avec le PFR par position

Tu cliques sur player 1 puis preflop et en bas tu peux choisir le pourcentage . 20% de VPIP et jouer le top20% sont 2 choses complètement différentes. Vous aurez tout le loisir de voir laquelle répond le mieux à vos attentes. Tous ces avantages que le HUD de poker peut vous apporter se résument à la chose la plus importante, à savoir augmenter vos chances de gagner.

  • Mais la marge d’erreur sur un aussi faible échantillon est tellement importante qu’elle ne nous permet, en fait, de tirer aucune conclusion réaliste.
  • Il s’agit du pourcentage total moyen de fois où votre adversaire met de l’argent dans le pot.
  • Ranges d’ouverture UTG Ici, on ne peut pas se contenter d’un simple pourcentage.
  • Cette fois, nous allons nous intéresser à des styles de jeu plus atypiques avec des statistiques hors normes.
  • De plus, il faut ventiler les pourcentages de 3-bet par position.

Ainsi, le HUD vous aide à jouer de manière exploitante contre vos adversaires. En mettant vos adversaires à nu, vous identifierez leurs erreurs et connaîtrez leurs points forts, ce qui vous permettra de planifier vos actions en conséquence. De plus, un logiciel de suivi peut vous donner un aperçu des tendances et des stratégies de vos adversaires, ce qui peut vous aider à les contrer et à les battre.

VPIP (Voluntarily Put $ in the Pot)

Et on ne saura jamais s’il est tout à coup en tilt après avoir pris un énorme badbeat sur une des cinq autres tables qu’il joue. La plupart des joueurs ont 55% – 88%, alors regardez aussi la statistique PFR. Plus le PFR% est faible, plus le CB% du joueur est élevé. C’est parce que moins le joueur relance avant le flop, plus il a de mains fortes.

  • Si ce chiffre est élevé, alors vous avez trouvé un adversaire qui aime flotter.
  • Si votre adversaire part de 25 % après cent mains, il y a peu de chances qu’il finisse à 80 %.
  • Même un échantillon de 250 occurrences ne nous permet pas réellement d’avoir une bonne idée de la fréquence de 3b.
  • Saviez-vous que plus de 95 % des joueurs de poker en ligne gagnants utilisent un logiciel d’aide à la décisionde (tracker de poker ou HUD)?
  • Si vous souhaitez jouer sur plusieurs tables, un HUD devient alors une nécessité plutôt qu’un simple avantage.

Il faut garder à l’esprit qu’un joueur moyen passif pré-flop est aussi passif post-flop, et un joueur généralement agressif pré-flop l’est post-flop. Quelles sont les plus grosses erreurs que vous observez chez les joueurs qui sont débutants avec un HUD ? D’abord, j’appelle ces deux nombres tortuga casino les “nombres vitrine” car en général le VPIP et le PFR décrive la personnalité globale d’un joueur au poker. Le principal problème que j’observe chez les joueurs qui utilisent pour la première fois un HUD est qu’ils ne savent pas relier ces nombres avec les autres nombres disponibles.

Qualifiez-vous pour le premier Sunday Million de Pokerstars.fr

Il joue seulement 10% de ses mains pré-flop et en relance 8%, donc il limp ou call seulement 2% du temps. Si ce joueur limp ou call, cela déclenche mon signal d’alarme. Il relance seulement 1 fois sur 6, alors quand je le vois relancer, le signal d’alarme s’active. Quand vous voyez un joueur jouer différemment de ce qu’indique “sa personnalité au poker”, vous devez vous inquiéter. Les plus utilisés sont le VPIP (Volontarily Put money In Pot – argent investi volontairement dans le pot) et le PFR (Preflop Raise – relance pré-flop). Pour ceux qui l’ignorent, pouvez-vous expliquer ce qu’est le VPIP ?

  • De plus, un logiciel de suivi peut vous donner un aperçu des tendances et des stratégies de vos adversaires, ce qui peut vous aider à les contrer et à les battre.
  • Il joue seulement 10% de ses mains pré-flop et en relance 8%, donc il limp ou call seulement 2% du temps.
  • Disons qu’il est pile au milieu et vous ne savez pas quoi faire.
  • Si nous n’avions besoin que d’une statistique pour pouvoir définir ses ranges, nous n’aurions pas besoin d’un HUD ou d’un tracker.
  • L’outil est convivial et bien pratique pour revoir ses sessions et les mains clés.

De plus, il faut ventiler les pourcentages de 3-bet par position. Typiquement, ce pourcentage est le plus élevé au bouton, suivi par la big blind, la small blind et enfin le cut-off. Cela peut varier, certains joueurs aimant plus 3-bet depuis les blinds que depuis le bouton. En fonction de ces chiffres, vous serez mieux à même de décider quand payer un 3-bet ou quand 4-bet. Cet article aborde l’analyse du jeu adverse afin d’y déceler les points faibles (“leaks”) et d’en tirer avantage.

Que signifie HUD?

Plus de 50% représente le haut de la fourchette et indique des joueurs à 4-bet plus souvent. Une main comme A♥3♥ bloque un As et donc élimine plus de combinaisons avec lesquelles l’adversaire est susceptible de 3-bet pour valoriser qu’une main comme 4♥3♥. Une troisième option est de juste payer avec les As ou les Rois pour ensuite sur-relancer le joueur qui squeeze (New York back raise).

  • Dans la suite de cet article, nous poursuivrons notre étude des types de joueurs en fonction de leur VPIP/PFR et verront quelles autres informations tirer de l’agressivité préflop.
  • Si votre adversaire a un taux de c-bet élevé au flop et un c-bet bas à la turn, alors vous avez identifié votre adversaire comme un one-and-done.
  • En mettant vos adversaires à nu, vous identifierez leurs erreurs et connaîtrez leurs points forts, ce qui vous permettra de planifier vos actions en conséquence.

Si un joueur a un pourcentage de CB de 80 %, sa range de CB sera différente si il a un PFR de 28 % ou de 14 %. Les statistiques sont donc importantes mais elles sont quasiment inutiles si elles ne nous permettent pas de réduire correctement les ranges de nos adversaires. Néanmoins, rien ne remplace une note qui dit que votre adversaire 3bet mergé OOP et polarisé IP, ou que votre adversaire raise tous les suited connectors au dessus de 87s UTG etc.. Ce sont des informations que votre HUD ou votre tracker ne vous donneront jamais. David “The Maven” Chicotsky est un joueur de poker avec 2 millions de dollars de gains en tournois en ligne à son actif. Ces programmes sont tous fiables et il est de votre préférence personnelle de choisir celui que vous utiliserez.

L’analyse du jeu préflop et la découverte des leaks

C’est exactement ce qu’un tracker de poker vous aidera à réaliser! Nous continuons notre exploration des statistiques du poker obtenues grâce à unlogiciel d’aide à la décision. Après avoir vu le “VPIP”, nous abordons aujourd’hui son acolyte indissociable le “PFR” (PreFlop Raise), à savoir le pourcentage de mains qu’un joueur (sur-)relance préflop. Une chose que nous disons est que PokerTracker3 a toujours raison. Vous avez raison parfois, par contre le logiciel ne se trompe jamais.

  • Vous aurez tout le loisir de voir laquelle répond le mieux à vos attentes.
  • Rappelons qu’une différence entre le VPIP et le PFR supérieure à 5 indique un problème d’agressivité préflop et une différence de 10 ou plus indique tout simplement un fish.
  • Le problème est que ce type de joueurs ne reste jamais assez longtemps à la table pour enregistrer un nombre de mains suffisant et en tirer une quelconque information.
  • Si votre adversaire a 2nd barrel les deux fois ou il a eu l’occasion en 100mains, la probabilité est forte qu’il ne respecte pas la tendance générale.
  • L’outil indispensable pour ce genre d’analyse est un tracker, un logiciel d’aide à la décision, ainsi que le HUD qui l’accompagne et permet d’afficher en pleine partie les statistiques des opposants.
  • Généralement, un fish a des points faibles repérables assez facilement.

Cela revient à 4-bet un squeeze pour valoriser, mais il est aussi possible de le faire en bluff, ce qui obtient généralement beaucoup de respect. La taille des mises pour squeeze peut aussi fournir des informations sur la force des cartes de l’adversaire. Le Forum PokerNews France est un lieu d’échange avec les autres joueurs de poker de tous niveaux. Posez vos question sur la section Stratégie Cash Game ou Stratégie MTT et soumettez vos mains au meilleurs joueurs online du .fr. On ne peut pas utiliser correctement les statistiques postflop sans s’intéresser aux statistiques preflop.

148 commentaires

  • Your style is unique in comparison to other people I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this site.

  • I was very happy to uncover this page. I want to to thank you for your time for this wonderful read!! I definitely appreciated every part of it and I have you book marked to look at new information on your website.

  • Spot on with this write-up, I really think this web site needs far more attention. I’ll probably be returning to see more, thanks for the advice!

  • Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through a few of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely delighted I stumbled upon it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back regularly!

  • I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this blog. I am hoping to view the same high-grade content by you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own, personal site now 😉

  • Can I just say what a relief to find an individual who truly knows what they’re talking about over the internet. You definitely know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people must check this out and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you’re not more popular because you certainly have the gift.

  • I’m amazed, I must say. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both equally educative and engaging, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The problem is an issue that not enough folks are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I found this in my hunt for something relating to this.

  • After going over a number of the blog articles on your blog, I honestly like your way of blogging. I book marked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back in the near future. Please check out my web site as well and let me know what you think.

  • I would like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in penning this blog. I really hope to check out the same high-grade content by you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my very own blog now 😉

  • Your style is unique in comparison to other people I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I’ll just bookmark this web site.

  • After exploring a few of the blog posts on your site, I really like your technique of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back soon. Take a look at my web site as well and let me know your opinion.

  • Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It will always be interesting to read through content from other writers and use a little something from other websites.

  • I truly love your site.. Excellent colors & theme. Did you develop this website yourself? Please reply back as I’m wanting to create my own personal site and want to find out where you got this from or just what the theme is called. Thanks!

  • This is the right site for anyone who hopes to find out about this topic. You know so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I really will need to…HaHa). You certainly put a new spin on a subject that’s been written about for decades. Excellent stuff, just great.

  • When I originally left a comment I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I receive four emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is a means you are able to remove me from that service? Thank you.

  • Next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesn’t fail me as much as this one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read, nonetheless I actually believed you would have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of moaning about something that you could possibly fix if you were not too busy seeking attention.

  • I want to to thank you for this great read!! I certainly enjoyed every bit of it. I’ve got you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post…

  • Spot on with this write-up, I really believe this website needs far more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the information.

  • Hi there! This article could not be written much better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept talking about this. I am going to forward this post to him. Pretty sure he will have a great read. Thanks for sharing!

  • Great blog you have here.. It’s hard to find excellent writing like yours nowadays. I really appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!

  • Hi, I do think this is an excellent web site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to return yet again since I bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.

  • Right here is the right website for everyone who really wants to understand this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I actually would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a fresh spin on a topic that’s been discussed for many years. Excellent stuff, just excellent.

  • Spot on with this write-up, I really think this web site needs a great deal more attention. I’ll probably be back again to see more, thanks for the advice!

  • May I simply just say what a comfort to find someone who actually understands what they’re talking about on the internet. You actually understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people should read this and understand this side of your story. I was surprised you’re not more popular because you most certainly possess the gift.

  • An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who had been doing a little homework on this. And he in fact ordered me lunch simply because I stumbled upon it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this matter here on your site.

  • Hi! I simply wish to give you a big thumbs up for the great information you have got right here on this post. I will be coming back to your site for more soon.

  • Right here is the perfect web site for anybody who wants to understand this topic. You understand a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a brand new spin on a subject that has been written about for years. Excellent stuff, just great.

  • This is the perfect web site for anyone who hopes to understand this topic. You know so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a brand new spin on a topic that has been written about for years. Excellent stuff, just wonderful.

  • Excellent site you have got here.. It’s hard to find excellent writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate people like you! Take care!!

  • I’m amazed, I must say. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s equally educative and amusing, and let me tell you, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is something that too few men and women are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I came across this during my search for something regarding this.

  • I’m impressed, I have to admit. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and amusing, and let me tell you, you have hit the nail on the head. The problem is something not enough men and women are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I found this in my hunt for something relating to this.

  • After looking over a few of the blog articles on your website, I seriously appreciate your way of writing a blog. I bookmarked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back in the near future. Take a look at my website as well and tell me how you feel.

  • Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve visited your blog before but after looking at many of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m certainly happy I stumbled upon it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back frequently.

  • The next time I read a blog, Hopefully it doesn’t fail me just as much as this particular one. After all, I know it was my choice to read, but I genuinely believed you would have something useful to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something that you could fix if you were not too busy searching for attention.

  • I’m amazed, I have to admit. Seldom do I come across a blog that’s equally educative and entertaining, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is something that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy that I stumbled across this during my search for something concerning this.

  • You’ve made some really good points there. I checked on the net for more information about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.

  • When I originally left a comment I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I recieve 4 emails with the exact same comment. There has to be an easy method you can remove me from that service? Thanks.

  • I would like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in writing this blog. I am hoping to check out the same high-grade content by you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own, personal website now 😉

  • Hi there! This article couldn’t be written any better! Looking at this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept preaching about this. I’ll forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a very good read. Many thanks for sharing!

  • Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you penning this write-up and also the rest of the website is extremely good.

  • I have to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I’m hoping to view the same high-grade blog posts by you later on as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own, personal blog now 😉

  • This site certainly has all the information and facts I needed concerning this subject and didn’t know who to ask.

  • Greetings, I believe your website might be having internet browser compatibility issues. Whenever I look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening in IE, it has some overlapping issues. I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Apart from that, great site!

  • Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Spending some time and actual effort to make a good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.

  • The next time I read a blog, Hopefully it doesn’t fail me just as much as this particular one. After all, Yes, it was my choice to read through, nonetheless I really thought you would have something useful to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something you could fix if you weren’t too busy looking for attention.

  • Hello there! This blog post couldn’t be written much better! Reading through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I most certainly will send this article to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a good read. Many thanks for sharing!

  • I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I’m hoping to check out the same high-grade blog posts by you in the future as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my very own blog now 😉

  • This is a topic that is close to my heart… Thank you! Exactly where are your contact details though?

  • Aw, this was a really nice post. Taking the time and actual effort to produce a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.

  • You made some really good points there. I checked on the internet to find out more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.

  • Howdy! This article couldn’t be written any better! Looking through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept preaching about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he’s going to have a great read. Thank you for sharing!

  • There is definately a great deal to know about this issue. I really like all of the points you made.

  • Great blog you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find high quality writing like yours nowadays. I really appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!

  • It’s difficult to find knowledgeable people on this subject, however, you seem like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks

  • Good blog you’ve got here.. It’s difficult to find high-quality writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate people like you! Take care!!

  • After looking into a handful of the blog articles on your web page, I seriously like your technique of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Take a look at my web site as well and tell me how you feel.

  • You should be a part of a contest for one of the highest quality blogs on the web. I’m going to recommend this web site!

  • Everything is very open with a clear explanation of the challenges. It was truly informative. Your site is extremely helpful. Thanks for sharing.

  • Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thanks, However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I can’t subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting the same RSS issues? Anyone that knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanks.

  • A fascinating discussion is definitely worth comment. I do believe that you need to write more about this subject matter, it might not be a taboo subject but usually folks don’t discuss these topics. To the next! Best wishes!

  • The next time I read a blog, Hopefully it won’t disappoint me as much as this particular one. After all, I know it was my choice to read through, but I truly thought you would have something useful to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you can fix if you were not too busy seeking attention.

  • The next time I read a blog, I hope that it does not fail me just as much as this one. After all, Yes, it was my choice to read through, however I genuinely believed you’d have something helpful to say. All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something you can fix if you weren’t too busy looking for attention.

  • I truly love your site.. Great colors & theme. Did you develop this amazing site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to create my own personal website and would love to learn where you got this from or exactly what the theme is called. Cheers!

  • That is a good tip especially to those new to the blogosphere. Short but very precise information… Thank you for sharing this one. A must read article!

  • After I initially commented I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. Perhaps there is an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Appreciate it.

  • Your style is really unique in comparison to other folks I’ve read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this blog.

  • Hi, There’s no doubt that your website might be having web browser compatibility problems. When I take a look at your site in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping issues. I simply wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Aside from that, fantastic website!

  • Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon everyday. It’s always helpful to read content from other authors and practice something from their sites.

  • Hi! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after going through many of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Regardless, I’m definitely delighted I stumbled upon it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back regularly.

  • Your style is unique in comparison to other folks I’ve read stuff from. Many thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this page.

  • Great blog you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find high-quality writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!

  • I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I absolutely enjoyed every bit of it. I have got you saved as a favorite to check out new things you post…

  • Your style is unique in comparison to other folks I’ve read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this site.

  • Everything is very open with a precise clarification of the challenges. It was definitely informative. Your site is very helpful. Many thanks for sharing!

  • Your style is unique in comparison to other folks I’ve read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I’ll just book mark this site.

  • Right here is the perfect site for everyone who wants to understand this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a fresh spin on a subject that’s been written about for decades. Wonderful stuff, just excellent.

  • Hi there! I simply would like to give you a big thumbs up for your excellent info you have right here on this post. I will be returning to your web site for more soon.

  • Everything is very open with a really clear explanation of the challenges. It was truly informative. Your website is very useful. Many thanks for sharing.

  • I have to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in penning this website. I really hope to see the same high-grade blog posts from you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own, personal blog now 😉

  • I blog often and I truly thank you for your content. The article has truly peaked my interest. I’m going to bookmark your site and keep checking for new information about once per week. I opted in for your RSS feed too.

  • Aw, this was an incredibly good post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to make a good article… but what can I say… I put things off a whole lot and don’t manage to get nearly anything done.

  • I’m amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both equally educative and engaging, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is something not enough men and women are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy that I came across this during my search for something concerning this.

  • Hello there! This blog post couldn’t be written much better! Looking through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept preaching about this. I’ll send this post to him. Fairly certain he’ll have a great read. I appreciate you for sharing!

  • An intriguing discussion is worth comment. I do believe that you need to publish more about this subject, it may not be a taboo matter but generally people do not discuss such topics. To the next! Cheers.

  • Introducing to you the most prestigious online entertainment address today. Visit now to experience now!

  • Everything is very open with a clear explanation of the challenges. It was definitely informative. Your website is extremely helpful. Thank you for sharing!

Laisser un commentaire

Votre adresse e-mail ne sera pas publiée. Les champs obligatoires sont indiqués avec *

Tic Afrik